"Public health programs that are based on force are a relic of the 19th century; 21st-century public health depends on good science, good communication, and trust in public health officials to tell the truth. In each of these spheres, constitutional rights are the ally rather than the enemy of public health. Preserving the public’s health in the 21st century requires preserving respect for personal liberty.”

This journal article is a good read if you are interested in US legalities and/or international laws and norms of vaccine mandates. Also discusses the 1905
SCOTUS Jacobson precedent, and how precedents have evolved since then.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449224/